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EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION SYSTEM
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- Published on Wednesday, 25 January 2012 13:19
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Bologna process. In 1999, a declaration of creating one unified system of higher education in Europe was signed in the city of Bologna, launching the initiative currently known as the Bologna Process. The goal of the Bologna Process was the creation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) by 2012 and its further development. Officially Ukraine joined the Bologna Process in 2005.
In 2004, Ukrainian higher education institutions started the transition to a new credit and assessment system. In accordance with Order No 943 of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, dated October 16, 2009, the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) was introduced in Ukrainian higher education institutions along with other key tools, like student application form, study agreement, practical training and quality commitment agreement, academic statement, and European Diploma Supplement.
Credits. The implementation of the ECTS in Ukraine is provided by the Laws of Ukraine On Higher Education, On Professional Pre-higher Education, orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine on the implementation of the ECTS, key documents of higher education institutions and standards of higher education. The ECTS is a system of accumulation and transfer of credits used in the European Higher Education Area for the purpose of providing, recognizing, confirming qualifications and educational components, and promoting the academic mobility of higher education students. Credit is used as a measurement unit of the students’ educational load, necessary to achieve the expected learning outcomes.
Usually, the full-time study load of a full academic year in Ukraine is 60 ECTS credits. The volume of one ECTS credit is 30 hours.
The total amount of hours in an academic subject includes lecture, practical, seminar and laboratory classes, consultations, practices, independent work and assessment.
The amount of ECTS credits required for a higher education degree is determined by the state higher education standards and is specified in the educational program approved by the higher education institution and the curriculum developed by the higher education Institution on the basis of the relevant educational program.
Junior Bachelor. The study volume of the Junior Bachelor's degree program is 120 ECTS. The Junior Bachelor 's degree load for the applicants with previously obtained professional pre-higher education can be smaller due to the amount of transfered ECTS credits by admitting higher education institutions.
Bachelor. The Bachelor's degree load is 180-240 ECTS. The Bachelor's degree load for the applicants with previously obtained Junior Bachelor’s or Professional Junior Bachelor’s degrees can be smaller due to the amount of transfered ECTS credits by admitting higher education institutions (the maximum amount of transferred credits is determined by the state standard of higher education).
Master. The volume of the educational-professional master’s degree program is 90-120 ECTS, the volume of the educational-scientific program is 120 ECTS. Both programs include a research component of at least 30 percent.
The volume of the integrated master's degree program in medicine, pharmacy or veterinary field after complete general secondary education is 300-360 ECTS. The Master's degree load for the applicants with previously obtained Junior Bachelor’s or Professional Junior Bachelor’s degrees can be smaller due to the amount of the transfered ECTS credits by admitting higher education institutions (the maximum amount is determined by the state standard of higher education).
Doctor of Philosophy/Art. The amount of the educational component of the Doctor of Philosophy/Art is 30-60 ECTS.
The state final examinations are not measured by the ECTS, so the hours allocated to it are not included in the total number of credits.
The distribution of credits and allocation of the minimum amount of credits for core subjects (practical sessions, coursework and qualification projects) is determined by the industry standard of higher education. The higher education institutions make decisions on elective subjects (practical sessions and coursework) and their ECTS load for different programs, and they can also restructure programs, moving the ECTS from elective to core subjects. The higher education institutions are responsible for formation of curriculum components and elective subjects.
Credit transfer between institutions, including academic mobility programs with foreign institutions, is done based on the documents on education / periods of study and credits obtained in other educational institutions. The number of the ECTS credits may included in the European Diploma Supplement, which contains structured information about the qualification and completed studies, or in the academic transcript for incomplete studies.
Knowledge assessment. Before 2004, Ukrainian higher education institutions used a 4-point assessment scale. Starting from 2004, some institutions (or some of their departments) began to use the ECTS along with the 4-point scale as part of an experiment to introduce Bologna tools. In 2006/2007 academic year the ECTS were implemented for the first-year students in all higher education institutions, as follows:
- academic achievements were measured in ECTS points;
- the modules were structured according to the ECTS requirements; and
- examination results were evaluated on the ECTS scale (A–Fx).
Starting from the 2009/2010 academic year, the European credit transfer system and its key documents were introduced at all levels of higher education.
By the Law of Ukraine on Higher Education, higher education institutions have the right to use their rating assessments of the student’s achievements at their own discretion. Higher education institutions use 100-point rating scale, which corresponds to the 4-point scale like follows: 90-100 – ‘excellent, 75-89 – ‘good’, 60-74 – ‘satisfactory’, 0-59 – ‘fail’; and a 2-point scale with 60-100 – ‘passed, 0-59 – ‘fail’, introduced in Ukraine in 1993 by order of the Ministry of Education of Ukraine No. 161. Information about the grading scale is added to the Diploma Supplement.
Historical profile
This information has been produced with the financial assistance of the Council of Europe. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the Council of Europe.
CLASSIFICATION OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
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In terms of ownership, higher education institutions in Ukraine may be state, communal, or private. Regardless of their ownership, they have equal rights to provide educational activities and ensure quality of education.
In Ukraine there are the following types of higher education institutions:
University is a multi-disciplinary (classical, technical) or sectoral (professional, technological, pedagogical, physical education and sports, humanitarian, theological, medical, economic, law, pharmaceutical, agricultural, artistic, cultural, etc.) higher education institution that carries out innovative educational activity at various levels of higher education (including doctoral studies), conducts fundamental and/or applied scientific research, is a leading scientific and methodical center, has a developed infrastructure of educational, scientific and scientific-production units, promotes the dissemination of scientific knowledge and conducts cultural and educational activities.
Academy, institute is a sectoral (professional, technological, technical, pedagogical, theological, medical, economic, law, pharmaceutical, agricultural, artistic, cultural, etc.) higher education institution that carries out innovative educational activities related to the provision of higher education at the first and second levels in one or more fields, can offer third level higher education and scientific programs in certain specialties, conducts fundamental and/or applied scientific research, is a leading scientific and methodical center, has a developed infrastructure of educational, research and scientific-production units, promotes the dissemination of scientific knowledge and conducts cultural and educational activities.
College is a higher education institution or structural division of a university, academy or institute that conducts educational activities related to obtaining a Bachelor's and/or Junior Bachelor's degree, conducts applied scientific research and/or creative artistic activity.
College status is obtained by an educational institution (structural division of an educational institution) in which the volume of training of higher education applicants with Bachelor's and/or Junior Bachelor's degrees is at least 30 percent of the total licensed volume.
Historical profile
Types of higher education institutions before 2014
This information has been produced with the financial assistance of the Council of Europe. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the Council of Europe.
Professional (Technical and Vocational) Education
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Professional (Technical and Vocational) Education as a component of the educational system of Ukraine is a training system for qualified workers and junior specialists (provided that the accreditation is properly done ).
Technical and vocational education is a complex of teaching and organizational arrangements aimed at helping people to acquire knowledge, abilities, and skills in their chosen vocational area.
The procedures, conditions and forms of technical and vocational education are stipulated by the Law of Ukraine on Professional (Technical and Vocational) Education.
Technical and vocational education is acquired in vocational educational institutions after basic secondary or complete general secondary education. However, students who, due to their health, family circumstances, or other valid reasons cannot acquire complete general secondary education at the same time with vocational studies, or who do not have basic secondary education, or persons who need social assistance and rehabilitation, can still acquire vocational qualifications in professions, the list of which is determined by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
The study modes can be full time, part-time, hybrid, extramural, distance learning, on the job training, and individual pace studies.
Students who have basic secondary education can acquire upper secondary education at a vocational education institution at the same time as acquiring a profession.Types of technical and vocational educational institutions:
- vocational educational institution of a specific specialization profile
- vocational school of social rehabilitation
- higher vocational school
- vocational lyceum
- vocational lyceum of a specific specialization profile
- vocational school of arts
- technical and vocational school of arts
- higher technical and vocational school of arts
- agro-industrial school
- higher agro-industrial school
- school-factory
- technical and vocational education center
- vocational education center
- production training center
- training and re-training center for workers
- vocational training facility
- training center and so on.
The academic year at technical and vocational institutions may not exceed 40 academic weeks. During the term of study, students are required to pass current, subject-oriented, intermediate, and final assessments. The forms and times of final assessments are determined by a study plan, and include:
- qualification test that meets specific vocational qualification requirements for graduates of a technical and vocational program;
- state qualification exam or defending a graduation project / creative project.
Levels of technical and vocational education
Technical and vocational education has three levels that are reflected in respective qualification levels, specialization complexity levels, and educational levels. Each level has its theoretical and practical components, completion of which leads to Qualified Worker and Junior Specialist awards in accordance with their acquired professional knowledge, abilities, and skills.
There are three attestation levels of technical and vocational institutions according to the levels of offered technical and vocational education.
The technical and vocational programs are designed in a way to provide graduates with the opportunity to progress from first to second and third qualification levels. The qualification levels (together with classes, categories or groups of qualifications) are assigned to graduates of technical and vocational programs according to the State List of Professions for Training of Qualified Workers in Technical and Vocational Educational Institutions.
The first level. The first level of technical and vocational education leads to technologically elementary professions, that require simple actions and operations. It allows working with previously studied subjects, objects, performing specific actions and operations, and working under supervision.
The first level programs provide accelerated skills training for students of the technical and vocational schools of the first attestation level and may include individual or group training in manufacturing and service sector.
Educational institutions of the first attestation level may include:
- educational centers of certain professional streams
- professional schools
- industry centers
- automobile training centers
- other similar educational institutions.
Education at the first attestation level does not require basic or complete general secondary education for admission and is carried out according to curricula and training programs approved by the relevant local authorities.
The duration of studies is determined by programs and curricula but should not exceed one year.
Education at the first level ends with a qualification attestation (exam). Graduates who successfully pass the qualification attestation are awarded a qualification of skilled worker in an acquired profession of the corresponding class or category of a qualification and are issued a certificate of the approved format.
The second level. The second level of technical and vocational education leads to mastering professions of medium technological complexity in various branches of economy. The qualification allows to perform typical actions, production operations independently from memory or with the help of technological maps, instructions, drawings or other documentation, withing timeframes and according to quality requirements.
Training is carried out in professional educational institutions of the second attestation level and typically requires basic secondary education for entry.
Technical and vocational institutions of the second attestation level include:
- vocational and technical profile schools
- vocational art schools
- art technical and vocational schools
- agrobusiness schools
- schools-factories
- educational and production centers
- other similar educational centers and institutions.
Education at the second level is carried out according to state standards of technical and vocational education. Students can acquire complete (profile) general secondary education at the same time as obtaining a profession.
The duration of study:
- 1.5 years for applicants with the complete general secondary education
- 4 years for applicants with basic secondary education, they also need to obtain upper secondary education during this time
- 2 years for entrants with basic secondary education (or even without it in some exceptional cases), that do not plan to obtain upper secondary education.
Education at the second level ends with a qualification attestation (exams). Graduates who successfully pass the qualification attestation are awarded a skilled worker qualification with the corresponding category or class of qualification and are issued a diploma of the approved format.
The third level. The third level of technical and vocational education leads to complex qualifications and specialties with high use of scientific and technological knowledge in various branches of economy, which allows to independently perform complex operations and productions, design activity algorithms in unusual situations based on the knowledge gained and previously learned typical actions.
Training is carried out in the technical and vocational educational institutions of the third attestation level, that include:
- higher professional schools
- higher art technical and vocational schools
- agricultural higher education institutions
- technical and vocational education centers
- training and retraining centers
- other similar educational institutions.
Education at the third level is carried out according to the state standards. The duration of study should not exceed 2 years.
Training ends with a qualification attestation (exams). Graduates are awarded a skilled worker qualification in the acquired profession with the corresponding category or class of qualification and, if the course was properly accredited, the Junior Specialist diploma of the approved format.
Post-diploma education of qualified workers is carried out at technical and vocational educational institutions of all attestation levels according to relevant curricula and training programs and includes various forms of advanced training and retraining.
Curricula and training programs are developed by institutions based on the state standards and are approved by the local education management bodies in agreement with the customer.
The duration of study is determined by programs and curricula, but should not exceed one year.
The graduates of the post-diploma programs pass a qualification attestation and are awarded an education document of approved format.
Documents on technical and vocational education
Graduates of technical and vocational education institutions who are awarded a skilled worker qualification in an acquired profession with the corresponding category of qualification are issued a Skilled Worker Diploma.
Graduates who complete general secondary education are also issued the Certificate of Complete General Secondary Education.Graduates of professional training courses, who successfully pass qualification attestation are issued
Certificates of Awarding or Advancing of a Worker Qualification.
Graduates of accredited higher professional programs, who are awarded the Junior Specialist qualification are issued the Junior Specialist diploma.
The technical and vocational education graduates with special educational needs, who successfully pass a qualification attestation (exams) are awarded skilled worker qualification in an acquired profession with the corresponding category and are issued the Certificates of Awarding of a Worker Qualification.
Historical profile:
Professional (Technical and Vocational) Education up to 2018
This information has been produced with the financial assistance of the Council of Europe. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the Council of Europe.